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Before you disclose confidential
information to a real estate licensee regarding a real estate
transaction, you should understand what type of business relationship
you have with that licensee. There are four business relationships:
(1) seller's agent; (2) buyer's agent; (3) disclosed dual agent; and
(4) transaction broker. Each or these relationships imposes certain
legal duties and responsibilities on the licensee as well as on the
seller or buyer represented. These four relationships are defined in
greater detail below. Please read carefully before making your choice.
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SELLER'S
AGENT
A seller's agent WORKS ONLY FOR THE
SELLER and has legal obligations, called fiduciary duties, to the
seller. These include reasonable care, undivided loyalty,
confidentiality and full disclosure. Seller's agents often work with
buyers, but do not represent the buyers. However, in working with
buyers a seller's agent must act honestly. In dealing with both
parties, a seller's agent may not make any misrepresentations to
either party on matters material to the transaction, such as the
buyer's financial ability to pay, and must disclose defects of a
material nature affecting the physical condition of the property which
a reasonable inspection by the licensee would disclose.
Seller's agents include all persons
licensed with the brokerage firm which has been authorized through a
listing agreement to work as the seller's agent. In addition, other
brokerage firms may accept an offer to work with the listing broker's
firm as the seller's agent. In such cases, those firms and all persons
licensed with such firms, are called "sub-agents." Sellers
who do not desire to have their property marketed through sub-agents
should so inform the seller's agent.
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BUYER'S
AGENT
A buyer's agent WORKS ONLY FOR THE
BUYER. A buyer's agent had fiduciary duties to the buyer which include
reasonable care, undivided loyalty, confidentiality and full
disclosure. However, in dealing with sellers, a buyer's agent must act
honestly. In dealing with both parties, a buyer's agent may not make
any misrepresentations on matters material to the transaction, such as
the buyer's financial ability to pay, and must disclose defects of a
material nature affecting the physical condition of the property which
a reasonable inspection by the licensee would disclose.
A buyer wishing to be represented by a
buyer's agent is advised to enter into a separate written buyer agency
contract with the brokerage firm which is to work as their agent.
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DISCLOSED
DUAL AGENT
A disclosed dual agent WORKS FOR BOTH
THE BUYER AND SELLER. To work as a dual agent, a firm must first
obtain the informed written consent of the buyer and the seller.
Therefore, before acting as a disclosed dual agent, brokerage firms
must make written disclosure to both parties. Disclosed dual agency is
most likely to occur when a licensee with a real estate firm working
as a buyer's agent shows the buyer properties owned by sellers for
whom that firm is also working as a seller's agent or sub-agent.
A real estate licensee working as a
disclosed dual agent must carefully explain to each party that, in
addition to working as their agent, their firm will also work as the
agent for the other party. They must also explain what effect their
working as a disclosed dual agent will have on the fiduciary duties
their firm owes to the buyer and to the seller. When working as a
disclosed dual agent, a brokerage firm must have the express
permission of a party prior to disclosing confidential information to
the other party. Such information includes the highest price a buyer
can afford to pay and the lowest price a seller will accept and the
parties' motivation to buy or sell. Remember, a brokerage firm acting
as a disclosed dual agent will not be able to put one party's
interests ahead of those of the other party and cannot advise or
counsel either party on how to gain an advantage at the expense of the
other party on the basis of confidential information obtained from or
about the other party.
If you decide to enter into an agency
relationship with a firm which is to work as a disclosed dual agent,
you are advised to sigh a written agreement with that firm.
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TRANSACTION
BROKER
The Licensing Laws of many
jurisdictions do not require licensees to work in the capacity of an
"agent" when providing brokerage services. A transaction
broker works with a buyer or a seller or both in the sales transaction
without representing anyone. A TRANSACTION BROKER DOES NOT PROMOTE THE
INTERESTS OF ONE PARTY OVER THOSE OF THE OTHER PARTY TO THE
TRANSACTION.
Licensees with such a firm would be
required to treat all parties honestly and to act in a competent
manner, but they would not be required to keep confidential any
information. A transaction broker can locate qualified buyers for a
seller or suitable properties for a buyer. They can then work with
both parties in an effort to arrive at an agreement on the sale or
rental of real estate and perform tasks to facilitate the closing of a
transaction.
A transaction broker primarily serves
as a manager of the transaction, communicating information between the
parties to assist them in arriving at a mutually acceptable agreement
and in closing the transaction, but cannot advise or counsel either
party on how to gain an advantage at the expense of the other party.
Owners considering working with transaction brokers are advised to
sign a written agreement with that firm which clearly states what
services that firm will perform and how it will be paid. In addition,
any transaction brokerage agreement with a seller should specifically
state whether a notice on the property to be sold will or will not be
circulated in any or all Multiple Listing System(s) of which that firm
is a member.
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